Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY    
1.1 PRECURSORS BUSINESS – MARKET OVERVIEW    
1.2 PRECURSORS MARKET TRENDS IMPACTING 2024 OUTLOOK    
1.3 5-YEAR UNIT SHIPMENT FORECAST BY SEGMENT: METAL
AND HIGH-K PRECURSORS    
1.4 PRECURSOR TRENDS    
1.5  PRECURSOR TECHNOLOGY TRENDS   
1.6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSORS   
1.7  PRECURSOR EHS, TRADE, AND/OR LOGISTICS ISSUES/CONCERNS    
1.8 ANALYST ASSESSMENT OF METAL AND HIGH-K PRECURSORS   

2 SCOPE, PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY    
2.1 SCOPE    
2.2 METHODOLOGY    
2.3 OVERVIEW OF OTHER TECHCET CMR™ OFFERINGS   

3 SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY MARKET STATUS & OUTLOOK    
3.1 WORLDWIDE ECONOMY AND OUTLOOK    
3.1.1 SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRIES TIES TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY   
3.1.2 SEMICONDUCTOR SALES GROWTH   
3.1.3 TAIWAN OUTSOURCE MANUFACTURER MONTHLY SALES TRENDS   
3.2 CHIPS SALES BY ELECTRONIC GOODS SEGMENT    
3.2.1 ELECTRONICS OUTLOOK   
3.2.2 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY OUTLOOK   
3.2.2.1 ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) MARKET TRENDS   
3.2.2.2 INCREASE IN SEMICONDUCTOR CONTENT FOR AUTOS   
3.2.3 SMARTPHONE OUTLOOK   
3.2.4 PC OUTLOOK   
3.2.5 SERVERS / IT MARKET   
3.3 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION GROWTH & EXPANSION    
3.3.1 IN THE MIDST OF HUGE INVESTMENT IN CHIP EXPANSIONS   
3.3.2 NEW FABS IN THE US   
3.3.3 WW FAB EXPANSION DRIVING GROWTH    
3.3.4 EQUIPMENT SPENDING TRENDS   
3.3.5 ADVANCED LOGIC TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS   
3.3.5.1 DRAM TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS   
3.3.5.2 3D NAND TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS   
3.3.6 FAB INVESTMENT ASSESSMENT   
3.4 POLICY & TRADE TRENDS AND IMPACT    
3.5 SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS OVERVIEW    
3.5.1 TECHCET WAFER STARTS FORECAST THROUGH 2028   
3.5.2 TECHCET MATERIALS MARKET FORECAST THROUGH 2028  

4 MATERIAL MARKET TRENDS    
4.1 CVD, ALD METAL & HIGH-K AND ADVANCED DIELECTRIC
PRECURSORS MARKET TRENDS    
4.1.1 2023 PRECURSOR MARKET LEADING INTO 2024   
4.1.2 PRECURSOR MARKET OUTLOOK   
4.1.3 METAL AND HIGH-K PRECURSORS 5-YEAR UNIT SHIPMENT  FORECAST BY SEGMENT   
4.2 PRECURSORS SUPPLY CAPACITY AND DEMAND, INVESTMENTS    
4.2.1 METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSOR PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF TOP SUPPLIERS   
4.2.2 METAL & HIGH-K PRODUCTION BY REGION    
4.2.3 ALD/CVD MATERIAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY EXPANSIONS   
4.2.4 INVESTMENT ANNOUNCEMENTS OVERVIEW    
4.2.5 PRECURSORS SUPPLY VS. DEMAND BALANCE – OVERVIEW   
4.3 PRICING TRENDS    
4.4 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS/TECHNICAL DRIVERS - OUTLINE    
4.4.1 PRECURSOR GENERAL TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW &
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS   
4.4.2 CUSTOMER DRIVEN TECHNOLOGIES   
4.4.3 NAND ROADMAPS AND CHALLENGES - 3D NAND LEVELS
W/ STACKS/TIERS   
4.4.4 3D NAND PROCESS ADVANCES REQUIRED   
4.4.5 NEW MATERIALS AND ETCH CHEMISTRIES ENABLE 3D NAND SCALING – PF3(G) AND MOO2CL2(S)   
4.4.6 MOLYBDENUM: THE NEW FRONTIER IN SEMICONDUCTOR
METALLIZATION ACCORDING TO LAM RESEARCH   
4.4.7 DRAM PROCESS ADVANCES REQUIRED   
4.4.8 DRAM FUTURE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES   
4.4.9 MICRON UNVEILS BREAKTHROUGH NVDRAM: A DUAL-LAYER  32GBIT NON-VOLATILE FERROELECTRIC MEMORY WITH NEAR-DRAM PERFORMANCE   
4.4.10 ADVANCED LOGIC ROADMAPS AND CHALLENGES –
LOGIC TRANSISTOR EST. ROADMAP   
4.4.11 ADVANCED LOGIC (FOUNDRY) NODE HVM ESTIMATE   
4.4.12 ADV LOGIC PROCESS ADVANCES REQUIRED   
4.4.12.1 THE SEMICONDUCTOR SHOWDOWN: SAMSUNG AND
TSMC'S GAA FETS VS. INTEL'S RIBBONFET   
4.4.13 ADV LOGIC FUTURE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES   
4.4.14 ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES IMPLICATION TO
PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY   
4.4.14.1 ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES IMPLICATION TO
PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY – DSA   
4.4.14.2 ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES IMPLICATION TO PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY: CENTURA SCULPTA BY APPLIED MATERIALS: SHAPING THE FUTURE OF SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING   
4.4.14.3 ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES IMPLICATION TO PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY: LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS REDUCTION THRU DEPOSITION   
4.4.15 CFET ARCHITECTURE: CFET SCALING ADVANTAGE   
4.4.15.1 CFET ARCHITECTURE: COMPLEMENTARY FETS (CFETS)   
4.4.15.2 CFET ARCHITECTURE: CFET FUTURE PROSPECTS   
4.4.16 INORGANIC EUV RESIST – ALD DEPOSITED   
4.4.17 MOLECULAR LAYER DEPOSITION (MLD)   
4.4.17.1 TREND IS MLD COMBINED WITH ALD   
4.4.17.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MLD PRECURSORS AND MATERIALS   
4.4.17.3 MLD APPLICATIONS   
4.4.18 AREA SELECTIVE DEPOSITION (ASD)   
4.4.18.1 AREA SELECTIVE DEPOSITION (ASD) – ADEKA PRESENT
ASD HF-PRECURSOR   
4.4.18.2 AREA SELECTIVE DEPOSITION (ASD) – TU EINDHOVEN
SELECTIVE ALD ENABLED BY PLASMA PRETREATMENT   
4.4.20 SPECIALTY/EMERGING METAL AND APPLICATIONS   
4.4.21 SPECIALTY/EMERGING HIGH-K AND APPLICATIONS   
4.5 REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS – METAL AND HIGH-K    
4.5.1 REGIONAL ASPECTS AND DRIVERS   
4.6 EHS AND TRADE/LOGISTIC ISSUES – METALS, HIGH-K AND DIELECTRICS      
4.6.1 ESH METALS   
4.6.2 ESH HIGH-K   
4.6.3 ESH RECYCLING   
4.7 TRADE/LOGISTICS ISSUES – METAL MATERIALS    
4.7.1 TRADE/LOGISTICS ISSUES – HIGH-K MATERIALS   
4.8 ANALYST ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-K MARKET TRENDS    
4.8.1 ANALYST ASSESSMENT OF METAL MARKET TRENDS  

5 SUPPLY-SIDE MARKET LANDSCAPE    
5.1 PRECURSOR MATERIAL MARKET SHARE    
5.1.1 CURRENT QUARTER ACTIVITY – MERCK   
5.1.1.1 MERCK   
5.1.2 CURRENT QUARTER ACTIVITY – AIR LIQUIDE   
5.1.2.1 AIR LIQUIDE   
5.1.3 CURRENT QUARTER ACTIVITY –ENTEGRIS   
5.1.3.1 ENTEGRIS   
5.1.4 ADEKA   
5.1.4.1 ADEKA   
5.2 M&A ACTIVITY AND PARTNERSHIPS    
5.3 PLANT CLOSURES    
5.4 NEW ENTRANTS    
5.4.1 MSP LAUNCHES TURBO II™ VAPORIZERS: NEXT-GEN EFFICIENCY FOR SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION   
5.4.2 A NEW ZR PRECURSOR WAFER-SCALE ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE FILMS   
5.4.3 ADVANCES IN MOLYBDENUM THIN FILMS: NEW LIQUID
PRECURSORS BOOST VAPOR PHASE DEPOSITION   
5.4.4 HANWHA TO SUPPLY ALD EQUIPMENT FOR MOLYBDENUM DEPOSITION FOR MEMORY APPLICATIONS   
5.5 SUPPLIERS OR PARTS/PRODUCT LINES THAT ARE AT RISK OF DISCONTINUATIONS    
5.6 TECHCET ANALYST ASSESSMENT OF PRECURSOR SUPPLIERS   

6 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN, PRECURSORS   
6.1 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW    
6.1.1 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – TIER 2 EXAMPLES NOURYON AND GELEST   
6.1.2 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – CHEMICAL & GAS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS   
6.1.3 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – CHEMICAL DELIVERY CABINETS   
6.1.4 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW VALVE MANIFOLD BOXES (VMB)   
6.1.5 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – BULK SPEC GAS SYSTEMS   
6.1.6 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – GAS CABINETS   
6.1.7 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW – FORMING GAS & DOPANT GAS BLENDERS   
6.1.8 SUB-TIER SUPPLY CHAIN: SOURCES & MARKETS OVERVIEW CHEMICAL - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS   
6.2 SUB-TIER MATERIAL CVD & ALD PRECURSOR TRENDS    
6.3 SUB-TIER MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL VS. SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE    
6.4 SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE SUB-TIER MATERIAL SUPPLIER
GLOBAL NETWORK MERCK    
6.5 SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE SUB-TIER MATERIAL SUPPLIER GLOBAL NETWORK AIR LIQUIDE    
6.6 SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE SUB-TIER MATERIAL SUPPLIER NEWS    
6.7 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN: DISRUPTIONS    
6.8 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PLANT UPDATES    
6.9 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PLANT UPDATES – HAFNIA AND REO FROM THE DUBBO PROJECT    
6.10 MINERAL USED IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
DEPENDENCIES    
6.11 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS - COBALT    
6.12 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS: ZIRCONIUM
AND HAFNIUM   
6.13 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS – HAFNIUM   
6.14 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS - GALLIUM    
6.15 ALUMINUM    
6.16 TITANIUM    
6.17 TUNGSTEN    
6.18 MOLYBDENUM   
6.19 NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM    
6.20 RARE EARTHS   
6.21 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS - PGM    
6.22 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN PRICING TRENDS - GERMANIUM    
6.23 SUB-TIER SUPPLY-CHAIN TECHCET ANALYST ASSESSMENT   

7 SUPPLIER PROFILES  171
ADEKA CORPORATION  
AIR LIQUIDE (MAKER, PURIFIER, SUPPLIER)  
AZMAX CO., LTD  
CITY CHEMICAL LLC  
DNF CO., LTD  
…AND 20+ MORE

FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1: METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSOR REVENUE (M USD) FORECAST BY SEGMENT   
FIGURE 1.2: WW MARKET SHARE - METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSORS 2023 (U$ 811 M)   
FIGURE 3.1: GLOBAL ECONOMY AND THE ELECTRONICS SUPPLY CHAIN  (2023)   
FIGURE 3.2: WORLDWIDE SEMICONDUCTOR SALES    
FIGURE 3.3: TECHCET’S TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY INDEX (TTSI)   
FIGURE 3.4: 2023 SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP APPLICATIONS   
FIGURE 3.5: GLOBAL LIGHT VEHICLE UNIT SALES (IN MILLIONS OF UNITS)   
FIGURE 3.6: ELECTRIFICATION TREND BY WORLD REGION    
FIGURE 3.7: AUTOMOTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTION   
FIGURE 3.8: MOBILE PHONE SHIPMENTS, WW ESTIMATES    
FIGURE 3.9: WORLDWIDE PC AND TABLET FORECAST   
FIGURE 3.10: TSMC PHOENIX CAMPUS WITH THE 2ND FAB VISIBLE IN THE BACKGROUND   
FIGURE 3.11: ESTIMATED GLOBAL FAB SPENDING 2023-2028   
FIGURE 3.12: FAB EXPANSIONS WITHIN THE US   
FIGURE 3.13: SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP MANUFACTURING REGIONS OF THE WORLD   
FIGURE 3.14: GLOBAL TOTAL EQUIPMENT SPENDING US$ M)
AND Y-O-Y CHANGE   
FIGURE 3.15: ADVANCED LOGIC DEVICE TECHNOLOGY
ROADMAP OVERVIEW   
FIGURE 3.16: DRAM TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP OVERVIEW   
FIGURE 3.17: 3D NAND TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP OVERVIEW   
FIGURE 3.18: INTEL OHIO PLANT SITE AS OF FEB. 2024    
FIGURE 3.19: TECHCET WAFER START FORECAST BY NODE SEGMENTS   
FIGURE 3.20: TECHCET WORLDWIDE MATERIALS FORECAST ($M USD)   
FIGURE 4.1: METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSOR REVENUE (M USD) FORECAST BY SEGMENT   
FIGURE 4.2: MEMORY SUPPLY/DEMAND SITUATION 2024   
FIGURE 4.3: WW MARKET SHARE - METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSORS 2023 (U$ 811 M)   
FIGURE 4.4: REGIONAL MARKET SHARES   
FIGURE 4.5: END USE APPLICATIONS DRIVING NEW DEVICE PROCESSES    
FIGURE 4.6: 3D NAND STACKING DRIVES DIELECTRICS AND METALS PRECURSOR VOLUME   
FIGURE 4.7: 3D NAND PROGRESSION      
FIGURE 4.8: ETCH DEPTH PERFORMANCE   
FIGURE 4.9: TOKYO ELECTRON’S NEW CRYOGENIC ETCH TOOL   
FIGURE 4.10: DRAM MESH BY MICRON    
FIGURE 4.11: IMEC CAPACITORLESS IGZO CELL FOR 3D STACKED DRAM   
FIGURE 4.12: TRANSITION FROM 2D TO 3D DRAM    
FIGURE 4.13: 32 GB NVDRAM WITH 1T 1C MEMORY LAYERS    
FIGURE 4.14: GATE STRUCTURE ROADMAP   
FIGURE 4.15: ADVANCED LOGIC (FOUNDRY) NODE ROAD MAP   
FIGURE 4.16: LOGIC TRANSISTOR PROGRESSION    
FIGURE 4.17: RIBBON FET    
FIGURE 4.18: MONO LAYER NANO SHEETS CHANNELS    
FIGURE 4.19: NANO IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY PROCESS FLOW    
FIGURE 4.20: ALD/ALE ENHANCEMENT OF NANO IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY    
FIGURE 4.21: DIRECTED SELF-ASSEMBLY    
FIGURE 4.22: DSA PATENT FILING BY COMPANY   
FIGURE 4.23: DSA PATEN FILING SINCE 2023   
FIGURE 4.24: WHAT IS PATTERN SHAPING?   
FIGURE 4.25: REFINING EUV PATTERNING BY APPLIED MATERIALS      
FIGURE 4.26: COMPLEMENTARY FET (CFET)   
FIGURE 4.27: CFET IMPROVES PERFORMANCE IN TRACK SCALING   
FIGURE 4.28: MONOLITHIC CFET PROCESS FLOW EXAMPLE   
FIGURE 4.29: MCFET NEW FEATURE: MIDDLE DIELECTRIC ISOLATION   
FIGURE 4.30: LOW TEMPERATURE GATE STACK OPTION EXAMPLES   
FIGURE 4.31: LOW TEMPERATURE SD/CONTACT OPTION EXAMPLES   
FIGURE 4.32: BSPDN ADVANTAGE: IR DROP REDUCTION   
FIGURE 4.33: INCREASING NUMBER OF ALD STEPS REQUIRED BY NEXT GENERATION GAA-FET AND CFET      
FIGURE 4.34: IMEC SUB-1NM TRANSISTOR ROADMAP, 3D-STACKED
CMOS 2.0 PLANS   
FIGURE 4.35: PATENT FILING FOR MLD DEPOSITED EUV RESIST. SEARCH PERFORMED IN PATBASE   
FIGURE 4.36: MOLECULAR LAYER DEPOSITION VS ATOMIC
LAYER DEPOSITION    
FIGURE 4.37: INCREASING TREND OF ALD/MLD PUBLICATIONS   
FIGURE 4.38: ADEKA ASD-HF PRECURSORS   
FIGURE 4.39: SELECTIVE ALD ENABLED BY PLASMA PRETREATMENT   
FIGURE 4.40: SPECIALTY/EMERGING METAL APPLICATIONS   
FIGURE 4.41: SPECIALTY/EMERGING HIGH-K APPLICATIONS – NVM DRAM (MICRON IEDM2023)   
FIGURE 4.42: 2023 METAL & HIGH-K REVENUE SHARE BY REGION   
FIGURE 4.43: EHS ISSUES – HIGH-K: MINING IN CHINA   
FIGURE 4.44: SK HYNIX’S RECYCLED AND RENEWABLE
MATERIALS TARGETS    
FIGURE 5.1: 2023 PRECURSOR MATERIAL SUPPLIER MARKET
SHARE BY REVENUE   
FIGURE 5.2: MERCK ELECTRONICS REVENUE 2022-2023
(M EUR), LEFT. SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS ANNUAL REVENUE FORECAST (M EUR), RIGHT.    
FIGURE 5.3: AIR LIQUIDE ELECTRONICS REVENUE FORECAST (M EUR)   
FIGURE 5.4: THE MS (MATERIAL SOLUTIONS) DIVISION OF
ENTEGRIS  REVENUE FORECAST   
FIGURE 5.5: ADEKA REVENUE ELECTRONICS REVENUE FORECAST (100M JPY)   
FIGURE 5.6: NEW ZIRCONIUM PRECURSOR CLASS    
FIGURE 5.7: ADVANCES IN MOLYBDENUM THIN FILMS: NEW LIQUID PRECURSORS BOOST VAPOR PHASE DEPOSITION   
FIGURE 6.1: FORMING GAS BLENDER CONFIGURATION   
FIGURE 6.2: TOP COUNTRIES/REGIONS THAT SUPPLY VERSUM MATERIALS US LLC (PANJIVA APRIL 2024)   
FIGURE 6.3: TOP COUNTRIES/REGIONS THAT SUPPLY AIR LIQUIDE AMERICA CORP. (PANJEIVA APRIL 2024)   
FIGURE 6.4: TOP COUNTRIES/REGIONS THAT SUPPLY H.C. STARCK INC. (USA)   
FIGURE 6.5: PRICE TREND IN COBALT   
FIGURE 6.6: HAFNIUM 5-YEAR PRICING   
FIGURE 6.7: GALLIUM PRICE, 5 YEAR HISTORICAL   
FIGURE 6.8: RUTHENIUM AND PLATINUM, 5-YEAR HISTORICAL PRICING   
FIGURE 6.9: GERMANIUM PRICE, 5-YEAR HISTORICAL  

TABLES
TABLE 1.1: METAL AND HI-K PRECURSORS REVENUES AND GROWTH RATES   
TABLE 1.2: ESTIMATED METAL AND HIGH-K PRECURSOR MARKET SHARE BY SUPPLIER 2023   
TABLE 3.1: GLOBAL GDP AND SEMICONDUCTOR REVENUES   
TABLE 3.2: WORLD BANK ECONOMIC OUTLOOK (JANUARY 2024)    
TABLE 3.3: BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV) REGIONAL TRENDS   
TABLE 3.4: DATA CENTER SYSTEMS AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES MARKET SPENDING 2023   
TABLE 4.1: PRECURSORS REVENUE AND GROWTH RATES   
TABLE 4.2: METAL AND HI-K PRECURSORS REVENUES AND GROWTH RATES   
TABLE 4.3: ESTIMATED METAL AND HIGH-K PRECURSOR MARKET SHARE BY SUPPLIER 2023   
TABLE 4.4: METAL & HIGH-K PRECURSOR MARKET REGIONAL ASSESSMENT 2023   
TABLE 4.5: OVERVIEW OF ANNOUNCED 2023/2024 MATERIALSUPPLIER INVESTMENTS
TABLE 4.6: LEADING EDGE LOGIC DESCRIPTIONS BY NODE (TSMC, INTEL)   
TABLE 4.7: SELECTIVE DEPOSITION - SELECTIVELY DEPOSITED MATERIALS   
TABLE 4.8: REGIONAL PRECURSOR MATERIAL MARKETS   
TABLE 4.9: REGIONAL PRECURSOR MATERIAL MARKETS, CONTINUED   
TABLE 5.1: MERCK QUARTER FINANCIALS   
TABLE 5.2: AIR LIQUIDE CURRENT QUARTER FINANCIALS   
TABLE 5.3: ENTEGRIS SUPPLIER CURRENT QUARTER FINANCIALS    
TABLE 6.1: CVD AND ALD PRECURSOR   
TABLE 6.2: ORIGIN OF MINERALS USED TO MAKE PRECURSORS    
TABLE 6.3: COBALT MINING AND PRODUCTION BY LOCATION   
TABLE 6.4: ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM MINERAL PRODUCTION BY LOCATION   
TABLE 6.5: GALLIUM MINERAL PRODUCTION DESCRIPTION AND DEPENDENCIES    
TABLE 6.6: ALUMINUM MINERAL REFINING AND PRODUCTION BY LOCATION    
TABLE 6.7: TITANIUM ORE (ILMENITE AND RUTILE) PRODUCTION LOCATIONS    
TABLE 6.8: TUNGSTEN ORE PRODUCTION BY LOCATION    
TABLE 6.9: MOLYBDENUM PRODUCTION AND IMPORT AND EXPORTS   
TABLE 6.10: MOLYBDENUM PRODUCTION DESCRIPTIONS    
TABLE 6.11: NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM PRODUCTION BY LOCATION    
TABLE 6.12: RARE EARTHS PRODUCTION BY LOCATION , I.E. LANTHANUM   
TABLE 6.13: PGM PRODUCTION BY LOCATION     
TABLE 6.14: GERMANIUM APPLICATIONS BY PERCENTAGE VOLUME