Description
Below is a sample Table of Contents based on the 2020 version of the report. An updated version of the report is in progress and will be released soon.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10
1.1 MATERIAL SEGMENT BUSINESS GROWTH OVERVIEW 10
1.2 MATERIAL SEGMENT MARKET TRENDS 10
1.3 HIGHLIGHT MATERIAL SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 12
1.4 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 13
1.5 EHS ISSUES/CONCERNS 16
1.6 ANALYST ASSESSMENT 16
2 SCOPE, PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY 17
2.1 SCOPE 17
2.2 PURPOSE 17
2.3 METHODOLOGY 17
2.4 OVERVIEW OF OTHER TECHCET CMR & REPORTS 18
3 REE APPLICATIONS AND CATEGORIZATIONS 19
3.1 CATEGORIZATION 19
3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RARE EARTHS 19
3.3 REE VS. REO VS. REM 21
3.3.1 CHINA CAPITALIZATION AND CONSOLIDATION INTO SIX GROUPS 21
3.4 ELECTRONIC AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS OF RARE EARTHS 22
3.4.1 AUTOMOBILE APPLICATION 23
3.4.2 SOLAR AND WIND TURBINES 23
3.4.3 ELECTRONICS 24
3.4.4 ELECTRONICS 25
3.4.5 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE SPECIFIC REE 26
3.4.6 OVERVIEW 27
4 RARE EARTH PRODUCTION 28
4.1 OVERVIEW OF MINES (LOCATION, PRODUCTION, RESERVES) 28
4.2 REE RESOURCES OUTSIDE OF CHINA 30
5 GLOBAL GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSE/POLICIES 40
5.1 JAPAN 40
5.1.1 JAPAN – CORPORATE AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED PROGRAMS 40
5.1.2 JAPAN STRATEGY 40
5.2 US 41
5.2.1 ORE ACT 2020 41
5.2.2 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2019 43
5.2.3 CHINA - US TRADE AND RARE EARTH PRODUCTS 43
5.3 EUROPE 44
5.3.1 EUROPEAN REES RESOURCES 44
5.3.2 EU ACTIONS ON CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS 45
6 CHINA RARE EARTHS DOMINANCE 46
6.1 CHINA AMID COVID AND TARIFFS 46
6.2 CHINA’S NEW RARE EARTH POLICY & IMPACT ON THE WORLDWIDE RARE EARTH INDUSTRY 47
6.3 ANALYST ASSESSMENT US TARIFF STRATEGIES 49
7 RECYCLE OR SUBSTITUTION 51
7.1 RARE EARTHS RECYCLED FROM FLUORESCENT LAMPS 52
7.2 APPLE RECYCLE OF SMART PHONES 54
7.3 CONCENTRATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS DURING HIGH TEMPERATURE PYROLYSIS OF WASTE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS 54
8 POTENTIAL NEW NON-CHINA SOURCES OF RARE EARTH METALS 55
8.1 LOCATION 55
9 PRICE TRENDS 2020 57
9.1 REE PRICE TREND PROJECTIONS 57
9.1.1 CERIUM 58
9.1.2 DYSPROSIUM (DP) 59
9.1.3 NEODYMIUM AND PRASEODYMIUM (ND & PR) 59
9.1.4 LANTHANUM (LA) 61
9.1.5 YTTRIUM AND SAMARIUM OXIDES 61
9.1.6 SCANDIUM (SC) 62
9.1.7 HOLMIUM, ERBIUM, EUROPEAN, GADOLINIUM, AND YTTERBIUM (HO, ER, EU, GD, Y) 63
9.1.8 TERBIUM 65
9.1.9 CAGR SUMMARY 65
10 RARE EARTH OXIDE REVIEW AND FORECAST 67
10.1 RARE EARTH OXIDE FORECAST 68
10.2 NDPR REVIEW 71
11 SUMMARY, STRATEGY AND RECOMMENDATION 74
12 APPENDIX A 75
12.1 CHINA’S CONSOLIDATED RARE EARTH INDUSTRY INFRASTRUCTURE 75
12.1.1 BUSINESS ETHICS 76
12.1.2 CHINA REE INVESTMENT ARM 76
12.1.3 CHINA’S NEW RESOURCE LAW IMPACT ON THE RARE EARTH PRICE TRENDS 79
12.1.4 CHINA RESEARCH ADVANTAGE 80
12.1.5 WTO 81
13 APPENDIX B 83
13.1 CHINA’S PREVIOUS TAX LAW FOR THEIR RARE EARTH EXPORT 83
13.2 RECENT CHINA’S IMPORT TARIFFS - 2018 83
14 APPENDIX C 85
14.1 OVERVIEW OF APPLICATION 85
14.2 RARE EARTH ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS 85
14.3 RARE EARTH PROCESS FROM ORE TO CONSUMER PRODUCTS. APPENDIX 96
15 SUPPLIER PROFILES 99
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Global Production Forecast Segmented by REE 11
Figure 2: REE Elements by Application 13
Figure 3: Market Caps of REE Companies 14
Figure 4: Global Rare Earth Mine Production 1998-2019 15
Figure 5: Light versus Heavy REE 19
Figure 6: REE to end user product process flow 21
Figure 7: Market Cap of Leading REE companies 22
Figure 8: REE in Automobile 23
Figure 9: REE in Solar and Wind Turbines 24
Figure 10: Consumer Applications of Rare Earth Materials 25
Figure 11: REE Minerals 28
Figure 12: Mine Production is Dominated by China 29
Figure 13: Global Distribution of Rare Earth Deposits 30
Figure 14: Rare Mineralogy relation to Production 31
Figure 15: Rare Earth Production by Country (as a % of WW total) 32
Figure 16: Rare Earth Reserves by Country (as a % of WW total) 32
Figure 17: Non-China Mining Capability by Region (as a % of total WW Volumes) 35
Figure 18: Non-China Production Capability by company as a Percent of Total Volume 36
Figure 19: REO Production Share for Non-China Based REO Companies for Select REOs 38
Figure 20: REE Mining Share as a Percent of WW Mining Output 2019 47
Figure 21: Input Data for the Primary Supply Analysis (1/2) 53
Figure 22: Cerium Oxide Price Trends 58
Figure 23: Dysprosium Oxide Price Trends 59
Figure 24: Neodymium and Praseodymium Oxide Price Trends 60
Figure 25: Lanthanum Oxide Price Trends 61
Figure 26: Yttrium and Samarium Price Trends 62
Figure 27: Scandium Price Trends 63
Figure 28: Ho, ER, Eu, Gd, Yb Price Trends 64
Figure 29: Various REO Average Annual Price Changes 2020-2023 64
Figure 30: Terbium Oxide Price Trends 65
Figure 31: Global Demand for Magnet and Related Applications 68
Figure 32: WW REO Production Volume History & Forecast Estimates (stacked bar chart) 69
Figure 33: WW Volume History and Forecast of Rare Earth Oxide Production and Consumption. 70
Figure 34:WW Electric Vehicles driving NdPr Demand (2020) 72
Figure 35: NdPr Oxide Supply & Demand 73
Figure 36: REE-Bearing Mineral Mining China 75
Figure 37: R&D Programs-China 81
Figure 38 Rare Earth Applications 85
Figure 39: La High K 87
Figure 40 Ceria Application CMP 89
Figure 41: Pr Capacitor 90
Figure 42: Toyota Nd Reduction 91
Figure 43: Development of Magnetic Material Technology 92
Figure 44: Rare Earth Process from Ore to Consumer Products 96
Figure 45: Rare Earths Separation in China 98
List of Tables
Table 1: Average Annual Price Change Estimated (2020-2023) 12
Table 2: 2019 TECHCET Critical Materials Reports 18
Table 3: Comparison Classification of Rare Earths 20
Table 4 : Overview of REE Market Applications 27
Table 5: Top 10 Non-China Rare Earth Mines, Ranked by Total Potential REO Value 33
Table 6: Top 35 Rare Earth Mines External to China 34
Table 7: Rare Earth Mining Outside of China 37
Table 8: REO Content in Various Lamps 52
Table 9: End of Life Recycling Rates For Lamps 52
Table 10: Australia Resource Location 55
Table 11: Canada and Greenland Resource Location 55
Table 12: Africa Resource Location 56
Table 13: US Resource Location 56
Table 14: Price Trends for REO (Price Change Per Year Estimates (2020-2023) 66
Table 15: REO Production Growth Rates, 5-year CAGRs (2020-2025) 69
Table 16 China Big 6 Rare Earth Groups 78
Table 17 Chine New Resource Table 18Tas (May 2015) 83
Table 19 China Import Tariffs( September 2019) 84
Table 20: Supplier Profiles 99
