Description
• Contains data and analysis on the semiconductor related rare earths market from TECHCET’s database and Sr. Analyst experience, as well as that developed from primary and secondary market research
• Provides focused information for supply-chain managers, process integration and R&D directors, as well as business development and financial analysts
• Covers information about rare earths key suppliers, issues/trends in the electronics material supply chain, estimates on supplier market share, and forecast for the electronics material segments
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Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11
2 SCOPE 15
2.1 Supply Chain 16
2.2 Global Dependencies/Logistic 26
2.2.1 Dependencies 26
2.2.2 Logistics 28
2.3 Applications 33
2.3.1 Highlights of applications 33
2.3.1.1 EHV Automobiles 34
2.3.1.2 Fiber Optics 38
2.3.1.3 Antenna 38
2.3.1.4 Slurry for CMP 39
2.3.1.5 Cell Phones 39
2.3.1.6 Military 40
2.3.2 Risk 40
2.4 Geopolitical / Trade Issues Risk and Mitigation Efforts 43
2.4.1 Collaborative Efforts 43
2.4.2 Policy Perspectives 44
2.4.3 Efforts to establish Domestic Supply Chain. 44
2.4.4 Geopolitical Tensions 46
2.4.5 Obstacles 47
2.4.6 Alternatives to Rare Earths 49
3 OVERVIEW 49
3.1 Sourcing Synopsis 49
3.2 Environmental Impact 51
3.3 Labor Concerns 54
3.4 Recycling Challenges 55
3.5. Critical Reliance 56
3.6 Tariff Strategy in the face of escalating Trade Friction 58
3.7 Global Governmental Response /Policies 60
3.7.1 WTO Response in 2015 60
3.7.2 China Statements and Restrictions as of Oct 1 2024. 62
3.7.3 China present organization of REE 63
3.7.4 Japan 64
3.7.5 US 66
3.7.6 Europe 68
3.7.7 Australia 70
3.7.8 Canada 72
4 MATERIALS 73
4.1 CERIUM REE 73
4.1.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 73
4.1.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 74
4.1.3 PROCESSING (by country) 75
4.1.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 76
4.1.5 SUPPLY / DEMAND 76
4.1.6 PRICING 77
4.2 SCANDIUM REE 79
4.2.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 79
4.2.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 80
4.2.3 PROCESSING 82
4.2.4. REGIONAL SOURCING 83
4.2.5 Supply and demand 84
4.2.6 PRICING 86
4.3 Vanadium REE 87
4.3.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 87
4.3.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 88
4.3.3 PROCESSING 89
4.3.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 90
4.3.5 Supply and Demand 91
4.3.6 PRICING 93
4.4 Lanthanum REE 94
4.4.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 94
4.4.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 95
4.4.3 PROCESSING 96
4.4.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 98
4.4.5 Supply and Demand 98
4.4.6 PRICING 100
4.5 Selenium CRM 101
4.5.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 101
4.5.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 101
4.5.3 PROCESSING 103
4.5.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 104
4.5.5 SUPPLY and DEMAND 105
4.5.6 PRICING 106
4.6 Tellurium CRM 107
4.6.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 107
4.6.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 107
4.6.3 Processing 108
4.6.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 110
4.6.5 SUPPLY and DEMAND 111
4.6.6 PRICING 112
4.7 Neodymium REE 113
4.7.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 113
4.7.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 114
4.7.3 PROCESSING 115
4.7.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 116
4.7.5 SUPPLY and DEMAND 117
4.7.6 PRICING 118
4.8 Dysprosium REE 119
4.8.1 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS 119
4.8.2 PRODUCTION METHODOLOGIES 119
4.8.3 PROCESSING 120
4.8.4 REGIONAL SOURCING 123
4.8.5 SUPPLY and DEMAND 123
4.8.6 PRICING 124
4.9 Gadolinium REE 125
4.9.1 Specific Applications 125
4.9.2 Production Methodology 125
4.9.3 Processing 126
4.9.4 Regional Sourcing 127
4.9.5 Supply / Demand 128
4.9.6 Pricing Trend 129
4.10 Praseodymium 130
4.10.1 Specific Applications 130
4.10.2 Production Methodology 130
4.10.3 Processing. 131
4.10.4 Regional Sourcing 133
4.10.5 Supply / Demand 133
4.10.6 Pricing Trend 134
4.11 Terbium 135
4.11.1 Specific Applications 135
4.11.2 Production Methodology 135
4.11.3 Processing 136
4.11.4 Regional Sourcing 137
4.11.5 Supply / Demand 138
4.11.6.Pricing 138
4.12 Yttrium 140
4.12.1 Specific Applications 140
4.12.2 Production Methodology 140
4.12.3 Processing 141
4.12.4 Regional Sourcing 143
4.12.5 Supply / Demand 143
4.12.6 Price 144
4.13 Europium 145
4.13.1 Specific Applications 145
4.13.2 Production Methodology 145
4.13.3 Processing 146
4.13.4 Regional Sourcing 147
4.13.5 Supply / Demand 147
4.13.6 Pricing 148
5.0 Applications of Rare Earths 149
5.1 Electronic Products and Usage of Rare Earths 149
5.1.1 Automobile 150
5.1.2 NdFeB Magnets 152
5.1.3 Wind Turbines 155
5.1.4 Solar 158
5.1.5 Cell phones 159
5.1.6 RF Defense technology 162
5.1.7 Antenna 164
5.1.8 Consumer electronics 165
6.0 Rare Earth Metals and Importance 166
6.1 Practical Considerations 166
6.1.1 Battery Materials 166
6.1.2 Metal Alloys 166
6.2 Bottlenecks/Restrictions and related Impacts 167
6.2.1 Related Impacts 167
6.2.2 Mitigation Strategies 168
7.0 Overview of Mines (Location, Production, Reserves) 170
7.1 Major Rare Earth Mines and Their Ownership 172
7.2 Resources and Quota for China 174
7.3 REE Resources Outside of China 177
8.0 Recycling /Substitution/Alternatives 186
8.1 Recycling status and benefits 186
8.1.1 Current Status 186
8.1.2 Breakdown of the Process chain of Individual rare earths 186
8.1.3 Recycling & Sustainability Challenges and Solutions 188
8.2 Opportunities and Future Potential 191
8.3 ALTERNATIVES TO REE 191
8.3.1 Challenges 192
8.3.2 Solutions 193
8.3.3 Opportunities 196
9.0 Price (Price trends reference Shanghai Metal Markets Q3-2024) 199
10.0 Summary 200
Appendix A REE Overview 204
APPENDIX B CHINA CAPITALIZATION AND CONSOLODATION INTO SIX GROUPS 206
China’s new Rare Earth Policy & impact on the worldwide rare
earth industry 2018 206
China’s consolidated rare earth industry infrastructures 208
Appendix C Other 208
Apple 208
References 210
